by Lauren Rosales-Shepard, Content Writer
Debt consolidation is a financial strategy in which one combines multiple high-interest debts into a single, more manageable loan or line of credit. Ultimately, the goal of debt consolidation is to simplify debt repayment; two bonuses are that it can also potentially reduce the overall interest rate, and make monthly payments more affordable. The process can help borrowers regain control over their finances and work towards becoming debt-free, whether they simply have a few high-interest credit card debts, or are facing significant financial hardship and trying to avoid bankruptcy.
How a Balance Transfer Credit Card Works
Most often, balance transfer credit cards offer an “introductory” period with a 0% (or otherwise very low) annual percentage rate (APR) on transferred balances for a set time, typically ranging from 6 to 18 months or more. During this introductory period, you can pay off your transferred balance without accruing additional interest charges, which can help you to save money and pay down your debt more quickly.
Pros & Cons of a Balance Transfer Credit Card
On the one hand, the introductory period of 0% or otherwise low APR, allows you to save money on interest payments while you pay off your transferred balance and can give you a head start in climbing out of debt. In addition, the ability to consolidate multiple credit card balances onto one card can make it easier to manage your debt and streamline your finances and avoid missing payments on multiple cards.
That said, it's important to note that balance transfer credit cards may charge a balance transfer fee, which is usually calculated as a percentage of the amount being transferred–typically ranging from 3% to 5%–which can offset some of the savings from the lower interest rate. Additionally, once the introductory period ends, any remaining balance will be subject to the card's regular APR, which can vary depending on your creditworthiness and the terms of the card; it may be even higher than your current interest rate. Be mindful of the fact that opening a new credit card account and transferring balances can temporarily lower your credit score, particularly if you use a large portion of your available credit or close existing accounts.
A balance transfer credit card might be a fit if:
How a Cash-Out Refinance Works
First, the lender will obtain an appraisal of your property to assess its current value. Subsequently, they will evaluate your existing mortgage, including the remaining balance, interest rate, and terms. After you apply for the loan, providing financial documents such as pay stubs, bank statements, and tax returns to demonstrate your income and financial stability, the lender will determine your creditworthiness and whether you meet all the qualifying criteria. (Such criteria often includes at least 20% equity after the cash-out amount is factored in, a credit score of 620 or higher, a debt-to-income ratio of 43% or lower, and a stable income). If you do, your cash-out refinance loan will be approved. Ultimately, the new loan amount will be based on the appraised value of your property, minus any outstanding mortgage balance, plus the amount of cash you wish to receive. After the closing process, during which you will pay any associated fees, you will receive the cash-out amount. Then, just like you did with your original mortgage, you will pay off the loan in monthly installments, including interest.
Pros & Cons of a Cash-Out Refinance
Obviously, one of the biggest advantages of a cash-out refinance is that you can tap into your equity for a lump sum of money. You have built up the equity; it’s yours to use; it’s already simply sitting there in your home. Another benefit may be that if you originally took out your mortgage when interest rates were higher and they've decreased since that time, you may be able to refinance at a lower interest rate. Such a boon can potentially reduce your overall borrowing costs!
On the other hand, extending the term of your mortgage through a cash-out refinance could mean that you end up paying more in interest over the life of the loan, even if you secure a lower interest rate. In other words, the overall cost of borrowing might be higher. There are also closing costs associated with this type of financing, which will decrease the amount of the lump sum. It’s also important to remember that your home serves as collateral for the mortgage, which means that you run the risk of foreclosure if you aren’t able to keep up with the new payments. Lastly, by withdrawing equity from your home, you're (obviously) reducing the amount of equity you have in the property. This could be problematic if home values decline, as you may ultimately owe more on the mortgage than the home is worth; this situation is known as being "underwater" on your mortgage.
A cash-out refinance might be a fit if:
A debt consolidation loan is a type of personal loan which, as the name suggests, enables you to “consolidate” (or combine) multiple debts into a single, larger loan that carries a single monthly payment.
How a Debt Consolidation Loan Works
You apply for a debt consolidation loan with a lender, such as a bank, credit union, or online lender. The lender will review your financial history and information, such as your credit score (which will usually need to be 670 or higher) income, etc. After you’ve been approved, you'll receive a lump sum of money from the lender, which you would then use to pay off your existing debts. Ideally, the debt consolidation loan will be the single debt that remains, and you will then make regular monthly payments to the lender until the loan is paid off.
Pros & Cons of a Debt Consolidation Loan
If you’re trying to simplify your finances, there are several benefits to the debt consolidation loan, such as not only your ability to condense all of your debt into a single monthly payment, but also the fact that debt consolidation loans typically have fixed interest rates and monthly payments; this structure provides additional predictability and stability in your budget. Moreover, debt consolidation loans provide a certain level of flexibility–unlike balance transfer credit cards, for example, debt consolidation loans tend to provide a lump sum of money that you can use to pay off various types of debt, such as credit card balances, of course, but also medical bills, or personal loans.
However, it’s vitally important that one takes other factors into account. When you take out a debt consolidation loan, it doesn’t eliminate your debt–you still owe the same amount of money. This means that it’s imperative you address any underlying issues that led to your debt in the first place, such as overspending or a lack of financial management skills. You should also consider the bigger picture with a debt consolidation loan, as a lower interest rate can save you money on interest payments, but extending the repayment term with this loan may actually result in paying more interest over time.
A debt consolidation loan might be a fit if:
A debt management plan is a structured repayment program typically offered by nonprofit credit counseling agencies that is designed to help individuals pay off unsecured debts, such as credit card balances, medical bills, personal loans, and other types of consumer debt.
How a Debt Management Plan Works
The first step in a debt management plan is to meet with a certified credit counselor who will evaluate your financial situation, reviewing your income, expenses, debts, and assets to determine if such a plan may be a suitable option for you. During the counseling process, the credit counselor will help you create a budget and provide additional financial education to help you better manage your finances (such as identifying areas where you can reduce expenses and developing realistic strategies for saving money). The credit counseling agency will ultimately negotiate with your creditors on your behalf to lower interest rates, waive fees, and establish a repayment plan that is more manageable for your situation. Although creditors are not obligated to participate in the debt management plan, many are willing to do so. If your creditors agree to the terms of the plan, you will make a single monthly payment to the credit counseling agency, who subsequently distributes the funds to your creditors according to the agreed-upon repayment plan–hence, consolidating multiple debt payments into one. Debt Management Plans DMPs typically last three to five years.
Pros & Cons of a Debt Management Plan
One of the most favorable aspects of the debt management plan is the support that you get from the credit counseling agency with whom you work. They negotiate with creditors on your behalf to lower interest rates, waive fees, and establish a more manageable repayment plan, as well as distribute your one-time, consolidated monthly payment on your behalf to your creditors according to an agreed-upon repayment plan. Plus, you receive ongoing counseling, including help setting up a realistic budget, which is a necessary strategy to avoid repeating the debt cycle in future.
However, not everyone qualifies for a debt management plan. Your eligibility for a plan depends on factors such as the types and amounts of debt you owe, your income, and your overall financial situation. And don’t forget, creditors aren’t required to participate in a debt management plan, so the success of the plan is dependent on their cooperation. Moreover, the credit counseling services are not free of charge; fees can include setup fees, monthly maintenance fees, and fees based on the amount of debt enrolled in the plan. It’s imperative that you consider how these charges might affect your overall financial situation. Lastly, you should remember that while debt management plans can be effective for many, they're not a guaranteed solution for everyone. Are you able to stick to the repayment plan? Are you willing to make changes to your financial habits? Success depends on these factors.
A debt management plan might be a fit if:
How a Home Equity Line of Credit Works
Homeowners submit an application for a HELOC with a typical lender. Like many of the options on this list, lenders evaluate the homeowner's eligibility based on factors such as credit score, income, debt-to-income ratio, and the amount of equity in the home. In addition, the lender will probably require an appraisal to determine the current market value of the home and, therefore, the amount of equity available for borrowing. Upon approval, the lender issues a commitment letter and institutes closing procedures similar to the closing process for a mortgage, and the borrower will typically pay the closing costs, which can include application fees, appraisal fees, and other charges. Then the draw period begins, during which borrowers can utilize and repay funds from the HELOC–again, usually for five to ten years. Then, after the draw period, the HELOC enters repayment for ten to twenty years and homeowners make monthly payments that include both principal and interest.
Pros & Cons of a Home Equity Line of Credit
The nature of the HELOC is very flexible. Because you can borrow only what you need, it’s often a good fit for ongoing projects where the costs are variable, like renovations. And for those who struggle to keep up with sizable monthly obligations, the initial interest-only nature of the HELOC payments can be a huge benefit. Plus, the interest rates on a HELOC tend to be lower than that of credit cards, which makes it an appealing option for consolidating debt!
However, HELOCs often have variable interest rates, which means that although they may be lower, especially initially, they are also subject to change at any time. Unpredictable interest can make it difficult to create a solid budget, which is especially imperative when trying to consolidate debt. And the interest-only payments can be convenient during the draw period, but they can also be a problem for borrowers who are not actively repaying the principal. Such a structure may result in a large balloon payment at the end of the draw period and cause sticker shock.
A home equity line of credit might be a good idea if:
How a Home Equity Loan Works
The process for obtaining a home equity loan is similar to that of a HELOC, and other types of loans. Homeowners apply to a lender, who will review their credit history, income, and other financial factors to determine eligibility. The lender will also order an appraisal to determine the current value of the home. If they are approved, homeowners receive a lump sum of money–in contrast to the credit line of the HELOC–at the outset, which is repaid in monthly installments (with a fixed interest rate) over a set term, usually 15 years.
Pros & Cons of a Home Equity Loan
Like the HELOC, home equity loans tend to have lower interest rates than unsecured loans, or credit cards. Plus, in contrast to the HELOC, home equity loans usually come with a fixed (rather than variable) interest rate, providing improved predictability and stability for borrowers. The lump sum payment may also be more convenient when it comes to consolidating debt. Because home equity loans often involve fewer third parties than a refinance, they can also have lower closing costs.
However, if there is a long repayment period, it’s possible that those potentially lower (and fixed) interest rates will add up and actually cost more in the long run. In addition, one reason that the interest rates are often lower is that a home equity loan is a secured loan–it’s secured by your home. That means, if you fall behind in your payments, you could potentially lose your home through foreclosure. If you’re considering a home equity loan, you should be aware that taking out a home equity loan reduces the amount of equity you have in your home, which can limit your options if you need to sell or refinance in the future. Plus, if home values decline, you could end up owing more than your home is worth!
A home equity loan might be a fit if:
How a peer-to-peer loan works
Like other lending practices, a peer-to-peer loan begins with an application–usually on an online P2P lending platform. The application will ask for information such as the amount the borrower wishes to borrow, the purpose of the loan, their credit history, income, and other relevant financial details. Then, based on the particulars on the application, the P2P platform assesses the creditworthiness of the borrower. This part of the process may include credit checks, income verification, and other underwriting criteria.
Next, once approved, the borrower's loan request is listed on the P2P platform. Here, individual investors can review the details of the loan and decide whether they’re interested in investing, based on their risk tolerance, investment objectives, and other factors. Typically, investors can lend small amounts of money to multiple borrowers to diversify their investment portfolios. Once enough investors commit to funding a loan, the borrower receives the requested funds directly from the P2P platform. Occasionally, the loan may be partially funded by the platform itself to ensure that borrowers receive the full amount requested.
Lastly, as with traditional loans, borrowers make regular monthly payments on the loan, including both principal and interest. These payments are distributed to the individual investors who funded the loan, according to their respective shares. It should also be noted that the P2P lending platform charges fees to both borrowers and investors for facilitating the loan transactions. Such fees can include origination fees, servicing fees, and late payment fees, among others.
Pros & Cons of a Peer-to-Peer Loan
If you are struggling to obtain a loan from a traditional lender like a bank, due to credit history, income level, or unique borrowing needs, the P2P loan might provide access with less stringent criteria. Plus, if you have an exceptional credit score, a P2P loan may offer competitive interest rates that result in lower borrowing costs compared to traditional bank loans or credit cards. Another benefit is that the application and approval process for P2P loans is typically faster than traditional lending channels, with many borrowers receiving funds within a few days of applying. In addition, many P2P lenders do not charge prepayment penalties, allowing borrowers to repay their loans early without incurring additional fees.
However, borrowers with lower credit scores or higher perceived risk may be offered higher interest rates–plus, they might struggle to secure funding through P2P lending platforms, as individual investors may not want to take that risk. In addition, P2P lenders may have caps on the maximum loan amount that borrowers can request, which could be insufficient for large debt consolidation. It’s also important to consider the potential various fees, such as origination fees or late payment fees, which can increase the overall cost of borrowing.
A peer-to-peer loan might be a fit if:
How does a 401K loan work?
First thing’s first–not all 401(k) plans offer loans, so you'll need to check with your plan administrator to determine if loans are permitted under your plan's rules. There will also be certain eligibility criteria, which can vary depending on your plan's provisions. Be aware, too, of the maximum loan amount; this amount is typically limited to a percentage of your vested account balance, usually up to 50% or $50,000, whichever is less. 401(k) loans usually have fixed repayment terms, often ranging from one to five years. The borrower repays the loan through payroll deductions, with payments deducted from their paycheck on a regular basis. The interest rate on a 401(k) loan is typically based on a benchmark rate, such as the prime rate, plus an additional percentage (often one or two percentage points). Speaking of interest–the interest one pays on the loan is deposited back into the 401(k) account, effectively allowing the borrower to repay themselves. While there aren’t usually any restrictions applied to the use of the funds from a 401(k) loan, the IRS does impose certain rules and limitations to ensure that loans are used for legitimate purposes and not treated as early withdrawals.
401K Loan Pros & Cons
If you need quick, efficient access to funds, a 401(k) loan provides immediate access to funds without the need for a credit check or lengthy application process. Compared to other forms of debt, 401(k) loans typically offer lower interest rates, and, since you're essentially borrowing from yourself, the interest paid on the loan goes back into your own retirement savings account. Plus, because fixed monthly payments are deducted directly from your paycheck, the process is fairly simple and straightforward, enhancing the ease of budgeting. Another bonus: because a 401(k) loan isn't reported to credit bureaus, it won't affect your credit score.
On the other hand, borrowing from your 401(k) can have long-term implications for your retirement savings! While you're repaying the loan, the borrowed funds are no longer invested in the market, so you might miss out on potential investment gains. During the loan, your ability to make contributions to your retirement account may be limited, potentially affecting your ability to take full advantage of employer matching contributions. Additionally, if you leave your job or are fired, you may be required to repay the outstanding balance of the loan within a specified time frame, or it will be treated as a taxable distribution. And while your house is not at risk of foreclosure in the event of a default, if you're unable to repay the loan according to the terms outlined in the loan agreement, the outstanding balance of the loan may be treated as a taxable distribution, subject to income taxes and potentially early withdrawal penalties if you're under the age of 59½.
A 401K loan might be a fit if:
How a Unison Equity Sharing Home Loan Works
The Equity Sharing Home Loan is a type of second mortgage, and shares an identical application process to that traditional form of lending, in which homeowners provide personal and financial information, as well as details about the property, and then an independent third-party appraiser will determine its current value. Once approved, the applicant selects the amount of equity that they wish to borrow, and the term begins.
To empower homeowners with access to the most flexible monthly cash flow, monthly payments are interest-only, and partially deferred to the end of the loan (and compounded). At that time, the homeowner will owe a balloon payment that includes the principal amount borrowed, the agreed-upon percentage of the home’s appreciation (if any), as well as the deferred, compounded interest.
However, homeowners also have the option to prepay without penalty–if they wish to do so, the payment will first go towards the principal and deferred balance, and then to the shared appreciation component.
Details about the Unison Equity Sharing Home Loan
The shared appreciation component, as well as the partially deferred interest, keep your monthly obligation low and increase your cash flow and spending power.No Prepayment Penalty: As mentioned above, you can repay your loan early without penalty, which includes paying back the original amount, any deferred interest, and the share of any appreciation.
Capital Improvement Adjustment: Unison believes that if you make improvements to your home that boost its value (beyond regular maintenance), you should get all the benefits! After three years, the homeowner may apply to keep any value added by renovations.
Eligibility : Homeowners must have a minimum FICO score of 680, a maximum combined loan to value ratio of 70%, and a debt-to-income ratio not exceeding 40%.
Potential Share Appreciation Interest: If there is excessive home price appreciation, this can add to the total cost. However, Unison’s equity sharing home loan also includes an annualized return cap that is at or below state interest limits which may limit the impact of the shared appreciation term.
Learn more about Unison’s Equity Sharing Home Loan today, and see whether it might be a good fit for you.
*Based on an internal analysis and review through July 2024 of interest rates for second-lien home equity loans.
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Debt consolidation is a financial strategy in which one combines multiple high-interest debts into a single, more manageable loan or line of credit. Ultimately, the goal of debt consolidation is to simplify debt repayment; two bonuses are that it can also potentially reduce the overall interest rate, and make monthly payments more affordable. The process can help borrowers regain control over their finances and work towards becoming debt-free, whether they simply have a few high-interest credit card debts, or are facing significant financial hardship and trying to avoid bankruptcy.
Balance Transfer Credit Card
A balance transfer credit card is a specific type of credit card that enables you to transfer existing balances from one or more credit cards onto the new card.How a Balance Transfer Credit Card Works
Most often, balance transfer credit cards offer an “introductory” period with a 0% (or otherwise very low) annual percentage rate (APR) on transferred balances for a set time, typically ranging from 6 to 18 months or more. During this introductory period, you can pay off your transferred balance without accruing additional interest charges, which can help you to save money and pay down your debt more quickly.
Pros & Cons of a Balance Transfer Credit Card
On the one hand, the introductory period of 0% or otherwise low APR, allows you to save money on interest payments while you pay off your transferred balance and can give you a head start in climbing out of debt. In addition, the ability to consolidate multiple credit card balances onto one card can make it easier to manage your debt and streamline your finances and avoid missing payments on multiple cards.
That said, it's important to note that balance transfer credit cards may charge a balance transfer fee, which is usually calculated as a percentage of the amount being transferred–typically ranging from 3% to 5%–which can offset some of the savings from the lower interest rate. Additionally, once the introductory period ends, any remaining balance will be subject to the card's regular APR, which can vary depending on your creditworthiness and the terms of the card; it may be even higher than your current interest rate. Be mindful of the fact that opening a new credit card account and transferring balances can temporarily lower your credit score, particularly if you use a large portion of your available credit or close existing accounts.
A balance transfer credit card might be a fit if:
- High-interest debt: If you have existing credit card debt with high-interest rates, a balance transfer credit card with a low or 0% introductory APR can help you save money on interest payments and pay off your debt more quickly–especially if that initial period is generous.
- Consolidating multiple balances: If you have balances on multiple credit cards, consolidating them onto a single balance transfer card can simplify your payments and make it easier to manage your debt.
- Temporary financial hardship: If you're experiencing a temporary financial setback and need some breathing room to pay off your debt, a balance transfer card with a low or 0% APR introductory period can provide relief and help you get back on track.
- Strategic debt payoff: If you have a clear plan to pay off your transferred balances before the introductory period ends, a balance transfer credit card can be a strategic tool for debt payoff and financial management.
- Strong credit score: Balance transfer credit cards usually require an excellent credit score, such as 670 or higher, before you can qualify.
Cash-Out Refinance
When you obtain a cash-out refinance, you replace your existing mortgage with a new one that has a higher principal balance, which enables you to receive cash in hand at closing. Essentially, you refinance your mortgage for more than you owe and pocket the difference in cash.How a Cash-Out Refinance Works
First, the lender will obtain an appraisal of your property to assess its current value. Subsequently, they will evaluate your existing mortgage, including the remaining balance, interest rate, and terms. After you apply for the loan, providing financial documents such as pay stubs, bank statements, and tax returns to demonstrate your income and financial stability, the lender will determine your creditworthiness and whether you meet all the qualifying criteria. (Such criteria often includes at least 20% equity after the cash-out amount is factored in, a credit score of 620 or higher, a debt-to-income ratio of 43% or lower, and a stable income). If you do, your cash-out refinance loan will be approved. Ultimately, the new loan amount will be based on the appraised value of your property, minus any outstanding mortgage balance, plus the amount of cash you wish to receive. After the closing process, during which you will pay any associated fees, you will receive the cash-out amount. Then, just like you did with your original mortgage, you will pay off the loan in monthly installments, including interest.
Pros & Cons of a Cash-Out Refinance
Obviously, one of the biggest advantages of a cash-out refinance is that you can tap into your equity for a lump sum of money. You have built up the equity; it’s yours to use; it’s already simply sitting there in your home. Another benefit may be that if you originally took out your mortgage when interest rates were higher and they've decreased since that time, you may be able to refinance at a lower interest rate. Such a boon can potentially reduce your overall borrowing costs!
On the other hand, extending the term of your mortgage through a cash-out refinance could mean that you end up paying more in interest over the life of the loan, even if you secure a lower interest rate. In other words, the overall cost of borrowing might be higher. There are also closing costs associated with this type of financing, which will decrease the amount of the lump sum. It’s also important to remember that your home serves as collateral for the mortgage, which means that you run the risk of foreclosure if you aren’t able to keep up with the new payments. Lastly, by withdrawing equity from your home, you're (obviously) reducing the amount of equity you have in the property. This could be problematic if home values decline, as you may ultimately owe more on the mortgage than the home is worth; this situation is known as being "underwater" on your mortgage.
A cash-out refinance might be a fit if:
- You have high-interest debt: If you have especially high-interest debt (such as extreme credit card debt), a cash-out refinance could lower your overall interest rate and monthly payments. This can help you save money in the long run and, bonus, simplify your finances by having just the one monthly payment.
- You want to consolidate multiple mortgages: If you have multiple mortgages on your property (for example, a first mortgage and a home equity loan or HELOC), consolidating them into a single mortgage through a cash-out refinance can simplify your finances. This becomes an even better option if you’re able to secure a lower overall interest rate.
Debt Consolidation Loan
A debt consolidation loan is a type of personal loan which, as the name suggests, enables you to “consolidate” (or combine) multiple debts into a single, larger loan that carries a single monthly payment.
How a Debt Consolidation Loan Works
You apply for a debt consolidation loan with a lender, such as a bank, credit union, or online lender. The lender will review your financial history and information, such as your credit score (which will usually need to be 670 or higher) income, etc. After you’ve been approved, you'll receive a lump sum of money from the lender, which you would then use to pay off your existing debts. Ideally, the debt consolidation loan will be the single debt that remains, and you will then make regular monthly payments to the lender until the loan is paid off.
Pros & Cons of a Debt Consolidation Loan
If you’re trying to simplify your finances, there are several benefits to the debt consolidation loan, such as not only your ability to condense all of your debt into a single monthly payment, but also the fact that debt consolidation loans typically have fixed interest rates and monthly payments; this structure provides additional predictability and stability in your budget. Moreover, debt consolidation loans provide a certain level of flexibility–unlike balance transfer credit cards, for example, debt consolidation loans tend to provide a lump sum of money that you can use to pay off various types of debt, such as credit card balances, of course, but also medical bills, or personal loans.
However, it’s vitally important that one takes other factors into account. When you take out a debt consolidation loan, it doesn’t eliminate your debt–you still owe the same amount of money. This means that it’s imperative you address any underlying issues that led to your debt in the first place, such as overspending or a lack of financial management skills. You should also consider the bigger picture with a debt consolidation loan, as a lower interest rate can save you money on interest payments, but extending the repayment term with this loan may actually result in paying more interest over time.
A debt consolidation loan might be a fit if:
- You have high-interest debt: Like most of the options on this list, a debt consolidation loan can save you money on interest payments over time if you have high-interest debt, such as credit card balances or payday loans.
- You have multiple debts with different payment dates: Managing multiple debts with different due dates can be overwhelming, not to mention increase the likelihood of missing payments. A debt consolidation loan combines all of your debt and gives them one, easy to remember, difficult to miss, monthly payment.
- You are trying to avoid declaring bankruptcy: In an extreme scenario, if you are facing financial hardship, consolidating debt with a loan can be an alternative to filing for bankruptcy. By restructuring your debt and making a plan to repay it over time, you may be able to avoid the long-term negative consequences of bankruptcy on your credit report.
- You want to streamline your finances before a major life event: Consolidating your debts into a single loan can help streamline your finances and improve your financial stability before taking on new responsibilities if you're planning a major life event such as buying a home, getting married, or starting a family.
Debt Management Plan
A debt management plan is a structured repayment program typically offered by nonprofit credit counseling agencies that is designed to help individuals pay off unsecured debts, such as credit card balances, medical bills, personal loans, and other types of consumer debt.
How a Debt Management Plan Works
The first step in a debt management plan is to meet with a certified credit counselor who will evaluate your financial situation, reviewing your income, expenses, debts, and assets to determine if such a plan may be a suitable option for you. During the counseling process, the credit counselor will help you create a budget and provide additional financial education to help you better manage your finances (such as identifying areas where you can reduce expenses and developing realistic strategies for saving money). The credit counseling agency will ultimately negotiate with your creditors on your behalf to lower interest rates, waive fees, and establish a repayment plan that is more manageable for your situation. Although creditors are not obligated to participate in the debt management plan, many are willing to do so. If your creditors agree to the terms of the plan, you will make a single monthly payment to the credit counseling agency, who subsequently distributes the funds to your creditors according to the agreed-upon repayment plan–hence, consolidating multiple debt payments into one. Debt Management Plans DMPs typically last three to five years.
Pros & Cons of a Debt Management Plan
One of the most favorable aspects of the debt management plan is the support that you get from the credit counseling agency with whom you work. They negotiate with creditors on your behalf to lower interest rates, waive fees, and establish a more manageable repayment plan, as well as distribute your one-time, consolidated monthly payment on your behalf to your creditors according to an agreed-upon repayment plan. Plus, you receive ongoing counseling, including help setting up a realistic budget, which is a necessary strategy to avoid repeating the debt cycle in future.
However, not everyone qualifies for a debt management plan. Your eligibility for a plan depends on factors such as the types and amounts of debt you owe, your income, and your overall financial situation. And don’t forget, creditors aren’t required to participate in a debt management plan, so the success of the plan is dependent on their cooperation. Moreover, the credit counseling services are not free of charge; fees can include setup fees, monthly maintenance fees, and fees based on the amount of debt enrolled in the plan. It’s imperative that you consider how these charges might affect your overall financial situation. Lastly, you should remember that while debt management plans can be effective for many, they're not a guaranteed solution for everyone. Are you able to stick to the repayment plan? Are you willing to make changes to your financial habits? Success depends on these factors.
A debt management plan might be a fit if:
- You’re experiencing temporary financial hardship: If you're experiencing temporary financial hardship due to circumstances such as job loss, medical expenses, divorce, or other life events, a debt management plan can provide a structured approach to digging yourself out of debt while you work to improve your overall financial situation.
- You’d like professional assistance: Some may prefer to work with a certified credit counselor who can provide personalized financial guidance, create a budget, and develop a debt repayment plan tailored to their needs. Credit counselors can also offer financial education and resources to help you improve your financial literacy and money management skills.
- You want to avoid bankruptcy: If it has begun to seem like declaring bankruptcy is your only option, a debt management plan could be an alternative that allows you to repay your debts over time without the severe consequences of bankruptcy.
- You want to stop collection calls: Relentless collection calls are stressful! A debt management plan can often stop or reduce the frequency of these calls from creditors.
Home Equity Line of Credit
A home equity line of credit, or “HELOC,” functions a lot like a credit card: the bank converts your equity into a line of credit, against which you can borrow whenever you’d like. Usually, there’s an “initial draw period” of five to ten years, after which you would likely have 20 years to steadily repay what you borrowed–plus interest. You only pay interest on the funds that you have actually used, however, not the lump sum that is technically available.How a Home Equity Line of Credit Works
Homeowners submit an application for a HELOC with a typical lender. Like many of the options on this list, lenders evaluate the homeowner's eligibility based on factors such as credit score, income, debt-to-income ratio, and the amount of equity in the home. In addition, the lender will probably require an appraisal to determine the current market value of the home and, therefore, the amount of equity available for borrowing. Upon approval, the lender issues a commitment letter and institutes closing procedures similar to the closing process for a mortgage, and the borrower will typically pay the closing costs, which can include application fees, appraisal fees, and other charges. Then the draw period begins, during which borrowers can utilize and repay funds from the HELOC–again, usually for five to ten years. Then, after the draw period, the HELOC enters repayment for ten to twenty years and homeowners make monthly payments that include both principal and interest.
Pros & Cons of a Home Equity Line of Credit
The nature of the HELOC is very flexible. Because you can borrow only what you need, it’s often a good fit for ongoing projects where the costs are variable, like renovations. And for those who struggle to keep up with sizable monthly obligations, the initial interest-only nature of the HELOC payments can be a huge benefit. Plus, the interest rates on a HELOC tend to be lower than that of credit cards, which makes it an appealing option for consolidating debt!
However, HELOCs often have variable interest rates, which means that although they may be lower, especially initially, they are also subject to change at any time. Unpredictable interest can make it difficult to create a solid budget, which is especially imperative when trying to consolidate debt. And the interest-only payments can be convenient during the draw period, but they can also be a problem for borrowers who are not actively repaying the principal. Such a structure may result in a large balloon payment at the end of the draw period and cause sticker shock.
A home equity line of credit might be a good idea if:
- You have high-interest debt: Consolidating these debts into a HELOC with a lower interest rate can potentially save you money on interest payments over time.
- Disciplined repayment plan: During the draw period, you may only be required to make interest payments; however, once the repayment period begins, you'll need to pay back both the principal and interest together. It's absolutely necessary to have a solid plan in place to pay off the debt within the repayment period to avoid tumbling back into debt.
- Dedicated, intentional use of funds: Focus your use of the funds from the HELOC on debt consolidation purposes. In other words, don’t make use of the HELOC funds for discretionary spending! By focusing on paying off existing debt, you can effectively manage your finances and improve your overall financial situation.
Home Equity Loan
A home equity loan is a type of loan in which a homeowner borrows money using the equity in their home as collateral. Because that collateral reduces the risk for the lender, home equity loans can sometimes have lower interest rates than credit cards, or unsecured personal loans.How a Home Equity Loan Works
The process for obtaining a home equity loan is similar to that of a HELOC, and other types of loans. Homeowners apply to a lender, who will review their credit history, income, and other financial factors to determine eligibility. The lender will also order an appraisal to determine the current value of the home. If they are approved, homeowners receive a lump sum of money–in contrast to the credit line of the HELOC–at the outset, which is repaid in monthly installments (with a fixed interest rate) over a set term, usually 15 years.
Pros & Cons of a Home Equity Loan
Like the HELOC, home equity loans tend to have lower interest rates than unsecured loans, or credit cards. Plus, in contrast to the HELOC, home equity loans usually come with a fixed (rather than variable) interest rate, providing improved predictability and stability for borrowers. The lump sum payment may also be more convenient when it comes to consolidating debt. Because home equity loans often involve fewer third parties than a refinance, they can also have lower closing costs.
However, if there is a long repayment period, it’s possible that those potentially lower (and fixed) interest rates will add up and actually cost more in the long run. In addition, one reason that the interest rates are often lower is that a home equity loan is a secured loan–it’s secured by your home. That means, if you fall behind in your payments, you could potentially lose your home through foreclosure. If you’re considering a home equity loan, you should be aware that taking out a home equity loan reduces the amount of equity you have in your home, which can limit your options if you need to sell or refinance in the future. Plus, if home values decline, you could end up owing more than your home is worth!
A home equity loan might be a fit if:
- You have high-interest debt: Home equity loan interest rates are typically lower than those of credit cards and personal loans, so they can be a cost-effective option for debt consolidation.
- Your current loans have variable or fluctuating interest rates: Many home equity loans offer fixed interest rates, which means your monthly payments will remain the same throughout the loan term. This stability can make it easier to budget for your debt repayments.
- You can deduct the interest from your taxes: In some cases, the interest paid on a home equity loan used for debt consolidation may be tax-deductible, depending on your individual circumstances and the current tax laws. See whether this is the case for you before making a decision.
Peer-to-Peer Loan
A peer-to-peer (P2P) loan, also known as social lending or crowdlending, connects individual borrowers with individual lenders through an online platform. Instead of borrowing from a traditional financial institution like a bank, borrowers obtain loans directly from individual investors ("peers") who are willing to lend their money.How a peer-to-peer loan works
Like other lending practices, a peer-to-peer loan begins with an application–usually on an online P2P lending platform. The application will ask for information such as the amount the borrower wishes to borrow, the purpose of the loan, their credit history, income, and other relevant financial details. Then, based on the particulars on the application, the P2P platform assesses the creditworthiness of the borrower. This part of the process may include credit checks, income verification, and other underwriting criteria.
Next, once approved, the borrower's loan request is listed on the P2P platform. Here, individual investors can review the details of the loan and decide whether they’re interested in investing, based on their risk tolerance, investment objectives, and other factors. Typically, investors can lend small amounts of money to multiple borrowers to diversify their investment portfolios. Once enough investors commit to funding a loan, the borrower receives the requested funds directly from the P2P platform. Occasionally, the loan may be partially funded by the platform itself to ensure that borrowers receive the full amount requested.
Lastly, as with traditional loans, borrowers make regular monthly payments on the loan, including both principal and interest. These payments are distributed to the individual investors who funded the loan, according to their respective shares. It should also be noted that the P2P lending platform charges fees to both borrowers and investors for facilitating the loan transactions. Such fees can include origination fees, servicing fees, and late payment fees, among others.
Pros & Cons of a Peer-to-Peer Loan
If you are struggling to obtain a loan from a traditional lender like a bank, due to credit history, income level, or unique borrowing needs, the P2P loan might provide access with less stringent criteria. Plus, if you have an exceptional credit score, a P2P loan may offer competitive interest rates that result in lower borrowing costs compared to traditional bank loans or credit cards. Another benefit is that the application and approval process for P2P loans is typically faster than traditional lending channels, with many borrowers receiving funds within a few days of applying. In addition, many P2P lenders do not charge prepayment penalties, allowing borrowers to repay their loans early without incurring additional fees.
However, borrowers with lower credit scores or higher perceived risk may be offered higher interest rates–plus, they might struggle to secure funding through P2P lending platforms, as individual investors may not want to take that risk. In addition, P2P lenders may have caps on the maximum loan amount that borrowers can request, which could be insufficient for large debt consolidation. It’s also important to consider the potential various fees, such as origination fees or late payment fees, which can increase the overall cost of borrowing.
A peer-to-peer loan might be a fit if:
- You have high-interest debt: Credit card balances or personal loans, for example, are usually high-interest debt. P2P loans often offer competitive interest rates, especially for borrowers with good credit scores.
- You have multiple debts: If you have multiple debts with varying interest rates and repayment terms, consolidating them into a single P2P loan can simplify your finances. Managing one monthly payment instead of multiple payments can make it easier to keep track of your debt and budget effectively.
- You want a fixed interest rate: Many P2P loans offer fixed interest rates, which means your monthly payments will remain the same throughout the loan term. This stability can make it easier for you to budget and plan ahead.
- You desire more flexible loan terms: P2P loans often offer flexible loan terms and repayment options, allowing you to choose a loan term that aligns with your financial goals and budget. You can typically select the loan amount, repayment period, and monthly payment amount that works best for you.
- Speed is of the essence: The application and approval process for P2P loans is typically faster than traditional bank loans, with many borrowers receiving funds within a few days of applying. If you need to consolidate your debts quickly to improve your financial situation, a P2P loan may be a convenient option.
401K Loan
A 401(k) loan is a loan taken out against the balance of the borrower’s 401(k) retirement savings account. It allows participants in an employer-sponsored 401(k) plan to borrow a portion of their vested account balance.How does a 401K loan work?
First thing’s first–not all 401(k) plans offer loans, so you'll need to check with your plan administrator to determine if loans are permitted under your plan's rules. There will also be certain eligibility criteria, which can vary depending on your plan's provisions. Be aware, too, of the maximum loan amount; this amount is typically limited to a percentage of your vested account balance, usually up to 50% or $50,000, whichever is less. 401(k) loans usually have fixed repayment terms, often ranging from one to five years. The borrower repays the loan through payroll deductions, with payments deducted from their paycheck on a regular basis. The interest rate on a 401(k) loan is typically based on a benchmark rate, such as the prime rate, plus an additional percentage (often one or two percentage points). Speaking of interest–the interest one pays on the loan is deposited back into the 401(k) account, effectively allowing the borrower to repay themselves. While there aren’t usually any restrictions applied to the use of the funds from a 401(k) loan, the IRS does impose certain rules and limitations to ensure that loans are used for legitimate purposes and not treated as early withdrawals.
401K Loan Pros & Cons
If you need quick, efficient access to funds, a 401(k) loan provides immediate access to funds without the need for a credit check or lengthy application process. Compared to other forms of debt, 401(k) loans typically offer lower interest rates, and, since you're essentially borrowing from yourself, the interest paid on the loan goes back into your own retirement savings account. Plus, because fixed monthly payments are deducted directly from your paycheck, the process is fairly simple and straightforward, enhancing the ease of budgeting. Another bonus: because a 401(k) loan isn't reported to credit bureaus, it won't affect your credit score.
On the other hand, borrowing from your 401(k) can have long-term implications for your retirement savings! While you're repaying the loan, the borrowed funds are no longer invested in the market, so you might miss out on potential investment gains. During the loan, your ability to make contributions to your retirement account may be limited, potentially affecting your ability to take full advantage of employer matching contributions. Additionally, if you leave your job or are fired, you may be required to repay the outstanding balance of the loan within a specified time frame, or it will be treated as a taxable distribution. And while your house is not at risk of foreclosure in the event of a default, if you're unable to repay the loan according to the terms outlined in the loan agreement, the outstanding balance of the loan may be treated as a taxable distribution, subject to income taxes and potentially early withdrawal penalties if you're under the age of 59½.
A 401K loan might be a fit if:
- The debt you want to consolidate is very high interest: 401(k) loans often offer lower interest rates compared to credit cards and some personal loans.
- You don’t want to impact your credit score: Because a 401(k) loan isn't reported to credit bureaus, it won't affect your credit score.
- You have an immediate need for debt relief: If you're facing financial hardship or struggling to keep up with multiple debt payments, a 401(k) loan can provide quick relief.
- You seek the stability of fixed repayment terms: 401(k) loans typically have fixed repayment terms, so you'll know exactly how much you need to repay each month and when the loan will be paid off. This can make it easier to budget and plan for debt repayment compared to variable-rate loans or credit cards with fluctuating interest rates.
Unison Equity Sharing Home Loan
Unison’s equity sharing home loan is an innovative product that combines some of the features of their previously developed home equity sharing agreement with a traditional home equity loan: it’s a 10-year, shared appreciation, interest-only home loan with below-market rates for second mortgages*. The lower monthly payments are powered by both the loan’s partially deferred interest, as well as Unison’s share in the home’s future appreciation.How a Unison Equity Sharing Home Loan Works
The Equity Sharing Home Loan is a type of second mortgage, and shares an identical application process to that traditional form of lending, in which homeowners provide personal and financial information, as well as details about the property, and then an independent third-party appraiser will determine its current value. Once approved, the applicant selects the amount of equity that they wish to borrow, and the term begins.
To empower homeowners with access to the most flexible monthly cash flow, monthly payments are interest-only, and partially deferred to the end of the loan (and compounded). At that time, the homeowner will owe a balloon payment that includes the principal amount borrowed, the agreed-upon percentage of the home’s appreciation (if any), as well as the deferred, compounded interest.
However, homeowners also have the option to prepay without penalty–if they wish to do so, the payment will first go towards the principal and deferred balance, and then to the shared appreciation component.
Details about the Unison Equity Sharing Home Loan
The shared appreciation component, as well as the partially deferred interest, keep your monthly obligation low and increase your cash flow and spending power.
Cons of Unison Equity Sharing Home Loan
Learn more about Unison’s Equity Sharing Home Loan today, and see whether it might be a good fit for you.
*Based on an internal analysis and review through July 2024 of interest rates for second-lien home equity loans.
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About the Author
Dr. Lauren Rosales-Shepard
Dr. Lauren Rosales-Shepard is Unison’s content writer. She has a PhD in English from the University of Iowa, and after several years of teaching rhetoric and composition as a college professor, she joined Unison in 2022 to bring her writing and research skills to the realm of fintech in real estate.
